Influences on Nursing Professional Practice

Influences on Nursing Professional Practice The Illness-Wellness Continuum, developed in the 1970s, illustrates that health is a dynamic state; there are several degrees of health. â€Å"Good health†, or High-Level Wellness, is achieved through awareness, education and growth, and is found on the right of the horizontal Illness-Wellness Continuum diagram. Signs, symptoms, and disability, which are evidence of worsening health (and eventually Pre-Mature Death), are found on the left side of the Illness-Wellness Continuum illustration as â€Å"Poor health†. In the center of the continuum is a â€Å"Neutral Point†, at which there is â€Å"no discernible illness or wellness†. (Travis, 2004). Congruent with the Illness-Wellness Continuum, the Constitution of the World Health Organization defined health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. (World Health Organization, 1946). It is interesting to note that this definition has not been revised in more than six decades. This definition describes the integration of physical, mental and social well-being as health, and differentiates the state of health from the lack of disease. Wellness can be considered as the integration of mind, body and spirit. Optimal wellness allows us to achieve our goals and find meaning and purpose in our lives. Wellness combines seven dimensions of well-being into a quality way of living. Overall, wellness is the ability to live life to the fullest and to maximize personal potential in a variety of ways. Wellness involves continually learning and making changes to enhance your state of wellness. When we balance the physical, intellectual, emotional, social, occupational, spiritual, and environmental aspects of life, we achieve true wellness. (Nordqvist, 2014). Harvard-trained Andrew Weil, MD wrote that humans become familiar with health when they are ill or have a disease (page 41). (2004). It is important to realize that the traditional valuations of health as good and desirable, and illness as bad, are not necessarily clear-cut; â€Å"health is the expansion of consciousness that transcends the illness-wellness dichotomy†. (Koerner, 2011). â€Å"Health is wholeness – wholeness in its most profound sense, with nothing left out and everything in just the right order to manifest the mystery of balance. Far from being simply the absence of disease, health is a dynamic and harmonious equilibrium of all the elements and forces making up and surrounding a human being.† (page 41) (Weil, 2004). Health, then, encompasses both wellness and illness and/or disease. Health and healing may be examined in a number of ways, including through the models of the physical body and the body-mind-spirit. Models of Health and Healing Larry Dossey, MD pointed out how the perceptions and beliefs about health and illness have changed over time (Koerner, 2011). In Era I, which began in the 1860s, science was assimilated into the practice of western medicine. Health and illness were considered in the context of the physical body; the consciousness of individuals was a result of biochemical, structural, and physiological facets of the brain. Illness was considered to be â€Å"physical in nature†; therefore, treatment had to be physical in nature. Surgery and medications treated physical illness. The term â€Å"physical† refers to the body of a person, rather than their mind, and existed in a tangible form which could be touched or seen. It was reasonable to conclude that the physical body was a basic component of each individual’s identity. The consciousness, or mind, of a patient was connected to the role of the brain. In the 1950s, Era II arose as practitioners expanded their considerations of health and noticed that thoughts, feelings, personal principles, attitudes and values impact physical health. Hypertension, myocardial infarctions, and ulcerations of the gastrointestinal system were attributed to emotional stress. During this time period, treatment modalities began to address the mind consciousness. (Dossey, n.d.). It has been said that many people still hold this perspective. (Koener, ) Based on the quantum physics pattern, the current perspective, Era III, identifies the consciousness which is not limited to a person’s body, but is described as â€Å"infinite, immortal, omnipresent†. (Riley, 2011). A nonlocal mind is one without limits; consequently, an individual’s consciousness can influence and be influenced by others’ emotions, including love and compassion. This meshing of consciousness creates unity, or â€Å"oneness† among all humans; we have the ability to influence each other through connections which can be made in the nursing profession by nurturing transpersonal activities. Discussion. A significant distinction is found by comparing the mind in the physical body of Era I to the consciousness of Era III. In the 19th century, the mind was considered to be entirely separate from the neurologic function of the brain. In the modern Era, the limitless mind has been expanded to Body-Mind-Spirit and My Professional Presence Nurses are human beings, just like their patients. To truly partner in relationships that advance wholeness in patients (p. 18.) (Korner, 2011), nurses must be â€Å"authentically present† (Falk-Rafael, 2005). Rather than focusing on past or present events to explain physical and emotional states, nurses can assist patients to â€Å"stay with their feelings and learn to observe†¦without reaction, description, or interpretation.† (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011). This nursing presence creates the opportunity â€Å"for real transformation and growth.† (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011). Nursing theorist Jean Watson’s caritas illuminate that at its core, transpersonal recognizes that the power of love, faith, compassion, caring, community and intention, consciousness and access to a deeper/higher energy source, i.e., ones God, is as important to healing as are our conventional treatment approaches, and is possibly even more powerful in the long run† (Falk-Rafael quoting Watson. See reference #30) http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/[emailprotected]vid=1hid=104 The framework of Caring Science â€Å"is grounded in the ethic of ‘Belonging’ to that which is greater than our ‘Being’; it goes beyond medical science, acknowledging the relational, life force; they philosophical, unitary field dimensions underlying all of humanity.† (Watson Browning, 2012). http://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/caring-science-definitions-processes-theory/ My Professional Presence Influences My Professional Practice Self-confidence, comfort with uncertainty, integrity, optimism, passion for work, and empathy are 6 features of professional nursing presence (Lachman, V, 2001). A nurse’s professional presence can facilitate an â€Å"aura of competence and authority†. (Chater, 2011) Classic dark suits with white blouses, a tidy hair style, quality shoes, and traditional jewelry project an appearance of confidence and create a favorable first impressions. Making eye contact, smiling, active listening and open body language can promote confidence from others. A professional presence allows nurses to distinguish themselves from other nurses. My knowledge, skills and abilities†¦. My ability to complete assignments and demonstrate accountability†¦ Self-promotion through networking, volunteering, appropriate social media can increase my professional presence. Promoting my own professional presence and showing respect to those with whom I come in contact can stimulate the profession of nursing. Crittenden, J. (2013). The discreet guide for executive women. San Diego, CA: Whistling Rabbit Press. http://www.discreetguide.com/articles/your-personal-brand-and-professional-presence/ I most closely relate to the concept of the body-mind-spirit in relation to my professional presence. Most disease or illness is manifested in our physical bodies. The physical pain we feel is a symptom of something in our body needing attention. We need diagnostic studies to identify abnormalities, and can Additionally, if we find ourselves catching bacterial and viral illnesses, it is beneficial to evaluate if there is compromise to the immune system, and address any deficiencies. The thoughts and emotions of individuals influence health, too. Anxiety, anger and frustration can cause blood pressure to elevate, resulting in poor perfusion. The spirit is â€Å"the force within a person that is believed to give the body life, energy and power† http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirit Because of my Christian beliefs, I consider each individual’s spirit to be their connection to divinity. If someone is experiencing pain, I think it is valuable to consider if there is pathological disease (i.e., a broken bone or diseased organ) which would benefit from medical attention through pharmaceuticals; some type of physical therapy; or rest. It is beneficial to examine Professional presence Increased awareness of my professional presence as a nurse can help me better integrate my insights, goals, and beliefs as I serve in roles of leader and follower. I was excited to read about Carla Woody’s five-stage transformational remembering process of sparking, separation, searching, initiation, and re-entry. (p. 208). (Koerner, 2011). There is an opportunity for me to practice mindfulness in my personal life and professional life. I also am willing to take the time to learn and practice mindfulness. At greater frequency over the past year, I have found myself wondering the extent of â€Å"nursing burnout† that I feel. I turned 50 last year, and that milestone began me asking questions about what I want to do with the rest of my life. I am satisfied as a nurse; however, I am restless and relatively bored in my current position at work. I have recently completed my BSN, a second bachelor degree, and obtained board certification. One of my reasons for pursuing an MSN in Nursing Education is to keep a spark of learning, new knowledge, and inquisitiveness about me, because that is who I am. I embrace the possibility that â€Å"a mindful person is relaxed. He or she’s fully immersed in the here and now and has no regrets about the past or worries about the future.† (Heard, Hartman, Bushardt, 2013). One thing that I have realized is that my focus is not going to be on tasks (which I referred to as what I want to do with the rest of my life), but on beingwhat I was to be for the rest of my life. The current assignment to examine what it means to me to be human has been a satisfying journey. I have identified that I want authenticity in my relationships, and that I want simplicity in my material belongings. By authenticity, I mean that I want to be myself, be natural, and find myself surrounded by a small core group of friends and family members who are the same way. When I say simplicity, I mean that I do not clutter in my surroundings. I want order and minimalism. I do not want fluff or dust collectors. I want my surrounding to be peaceful while reflecting who I am and buoying me, too. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring/Caring Science incorporated the principle of an â€Å"authentic presence† in which nurses honor, or respect, and connect as a human to other humans. http://watsoncaringscience.org/files/Cohort%206/watsons-theory-of-human-caring-core-concepts-and-evolution-to-caritas-processes-handout.pdf http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/mindfulness/definition References A conversation about the future of medicine. http://www.dosseydossey.com/larry/QnA.html Barnett, J. Shale, A. (2013). The integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into thepractice of psychology: A vision for the future. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 43(6). 576-585. A review of this article that I will source: http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/04/ce-corner.aspx Chater, S. (2011). Professionalism. In M. Greenberg, G. Alexander, H. Feldman (Eds.), Nursing leadership: A concise encyclopedia> New York: Springer Pub. Co. Dossey, L. (n.d.). A conversation about the future of medicine. Retrieved from http://www.dosseydossey.com/larry/QnA.html Falk-Rafale, A. (2005). Advancing nursing theory through theory-guided practice: the emergence of a critical caring perspective. Advances in Nursing Science 28(1), 38-49. Heard, P, Hartman, S, Bushardt, S. (2013). Rekindling the flame: Using mindfulness to end nursing burnout. Nursing Management(44)11. DOI-10.1097/01.NUMA.0000436366.99397.10 Koerner, J. (2011).Healing Presence: The Essence of Nursing (2nd ed). New York City: Springer Publishing Company. Koerner, J. (n.d.). â€Å"Complete Health and Healing† by JoEllen Koerner (Retrieved from:https://wgu.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Podcast/Embed/079cf429-e2d6-4692-842c-0fc5b3833cf2.mp4) Lachman, V. (2001). Professional presence: How do you get it? Nursing Management 32(10). 41-42. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1sid=b59f700b-1efa-48a8-9269-56c3290db60b%40sessionmgr115hid=108 Nordqvist, C. (2014). What is health? What does good health mean? Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999.php Physical. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved May 9, 2015 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physical Riley, S. (2011). Review of Reinventing Medicine: Beyond mind-body to a new era of healing. Travis, J. (2004). Illness-Wellness Continuum. Retrieved from http://www.thewellspring.com/wellspring/introduction-to-wellness/357/key-concept-1-the-illnesswellness-continuum.cfm Watson, J. Browning, R. (2012). Viewpoint: Caring Science meets Heart Science: A guide to authentic caring practice. American Nurse Today 7(8). Retrieved from http://www.americannursetoday.com/viewpoint-caring-science-meets-heart-science-a-guide-to-authentic-caring-practice/ Weil, A. (2004). Health and healing: The philosophy of integrative medicine and optimum health. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html A. Professional Presence Discuss the differences betweentwomodels of health and healing (e.g., physical body, body-mind, body-mind-spirit/bio-psycho-social,) as they relate to what it means to be human. Analyze differences betweenoneof the models discussed in part A1 and your professional presence (i.e., current beliefs, attitudes, and actions regarding health and healing). Discuss how your professional presence (mindful or distracted) influences your nursing practice.

Medieval and Renaissance Art Essay

The most significant difference between medieval and renaissance art is that renaissance art paid more attention to the human body, and to detail. Both, however, focused mainly on religious themes, although not necessarily Christian. Renaissance artists are remembered because they brought about the changes that led to the art of today. When looking at medieval art, such as â€Å"The Notary of Perugia Writing a Document† it is quite obvious that very little attention to detail is included. There is no depth to the painting, the writing on the parchment bares no resemblance to actual text, and everyone in the picture has the same face. In contrast, when looking at a renaissance painting, like Christ the Redeemer by Titian quite a bit more attention is given to detail, even though the scene does not encompass nearly as much. It is possible to see shadowing in the painting, as well as to the behavior of fabrics. There is also a good feel of depth with much attention paid not only to making a nice background, but separating it from the foreground as well. There are many similarities in the two styles; they are, after all, separated by a short period in history. One similarity might be a choice of colors, as the most visually appealing color combinations had yet to be discovered. Another similarity would be the lack of understanding of how to accurately represent the human body, as this was considered sinful by the church; Leonardo di Vinci did began to change this with some of his works though. The short period in time left similarities between the styles of art, but they were few, far between, and diminished fast. Renaissance artists put forth much greater effort into these works and it really shows in the quality, rather then the quantity produced.

Evaluation Of A Research Study - 789 Words

Berg and Lune (2012) reiterate David Matta’s philosophy that it is crucial that a researcher enter a study setting with an appreciative, or neutral, attitude (Matta, 1969). This denotes that the researcher has no agenda in mind, i.e., he/she does not allow support or oppose what is happening in the study environment. As I have stated in previous discussions, I believe this is of great importance for the study to be impartial and well balanced. There are four categories or sets of skills that Berg and Lune (2012) list being essential to ethnographic studies: (1) Taking in the physical setting, (2) Develop relationships with inhabitants, (3) Tracking, observing, eavesdropping and asking questions, and (4) Locating subgroups and stars (Berg and Lune, p. 226). Within each of these sets, a number of skills are used such as observation, note taking, establishing relationships and networking. I personally believe there are skills used in each of these that are not specifically notated in the readings. Social perceptiveness, or being aware of the reactions of others as well as the reasons they reacted the way they did is an important skill throughout the study. Communication skills are important for several reasons. First, the researcher needs to be able to communicate effectively in the beginning to find an informant and then explain to the informant what type of research you will be completing. Next, during the interview pro cess of the study, the investigator must be able toShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research Study1854 Words   |  8 PagesIn research, the quantitative study seems to be the most favored method to conduct a study due to its validity and numerical value. Quantitative studies are objective and considered to be a hard science which is measurable, and suitable to establish cause-and-effect relationships (Anderson, 2006). The quantitative study seeks explanatory laws via statistical analysis and the participation of a large number of participants (Anderson, 2006). The article by Burns et al (1999), which this writer willRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study1723 Words   |  7 PagesProcedures First research question – interview. The interview for the first research question occurs after the pre-screening call, at a time set by the researcher and the participant. It will start with an overview explaining the purpose of the research, affirming the time commitment, answering questions the participants have, assuring the participants that their input will be kept confidential and confirming to them that they can leave at any point without repercussions. The researcher and theRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study1527 Words   |  7 PagesMethod Participants The total number of participants in which the survey was conducted was a sample size of 1126 Psyc 1F90 students. In the study it included 267 male participants, 849 female participants, 4 transgender participants, and 6 participants who did not specify their sex. Out of the 1126 students who participated in the study, the students had a mean age of 19.59 years. Measures Surveys were distributed to the psyc 1F90 students to collect the data this was done by including a questionRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study938 Words   |  4 PagesMethodology Two methods will be employed for this study; surveys and interviews. The participants of this study will be perpetrators of DV, as well as the children of convicted batterers. To figure out if perpetrators of DV can be good parents, we need to ask the children. The variables would be the background and childhood experiences of convicted batterers; specifically did they have a healthy parental attachment, the level of involvement of perps of DV in their children’s upbringing and existingRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study3448 Words   |  14 PagesCHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION As with any research, there are limitations to take into account with this study. The study took place over a month long span, so it was not possible to follow up with those residents who participated to see how they progressed through the shelter program. The study also did not include children as participants, which is a direction to consider in the future since there are a significant number of children who experience homelessness. A limitation that brings up questions isRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study Proposal1730 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology Methods Sample. This study proposal will take place in one acute care hospital. Registered Nurses working in the Emergency Room, Intensive Care Units, and all Medical-Surgical Units who voluntarily offer to be study participants will be included. In attempts to maintain external validity, exclusion criteria will include any Registered Nurse who has under 2 years of experience as a Registered Nurse and any RN who works on a Per-Diem basis. In addition, factors such as age, race/ethnicityRead MoreObservation Studies Of Evaluation And Institutional Research1838 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: Observation Studies (Revised) Observation Studies in Evaluation and Institutional Research Observation Methodology Paper PSYC – 724C James Campbell When is it appropriate to use the observation method to conduct research on subjects? Clearly, a number of questions that researchers want or need to address relating to human behaviors or actions cannot be addressed or answered by traditional research methods. One of the best ways to answer a number of these questionsRead MoreA Research Study On Metacognitive Behavior, Regulation, And Evaluation1481 Words   |  6 Pagesteacher. This article questions how the selections of metacognitive strategies come about. The goal of the study being to characterize contexts and situations that give rise to metacognitive activity. The author states that previous research has shown that good problem solvers engage in metacognitive activity throughout various phases of problem-solving. It is also stated that at the same time research shows there has been little evidence of metacognitive activity of poor problem solvers. Also noted inRead MoreA Research Study On Metacognitive Behavior, Regulation, And Evaluation1481 Words   |  6 Pagesteacher. This article questions how the selections of metacognitive strategies come about. The goal of the study being to characterize contexts and situations that give rise to metacognitive activity. The author states that previous research has shown that good problem solvers engage in metacognitive activity throughout various phases of problem-solving. It is also stated that at the same time research shows there has been little evidence of metacognitive activity of poor problem solvers. Also noted inRead MoreA Research Study On Teaching Evaluations And The Chair Of The Department1835 Words   |  8 Pagesis determined to be unsatisfactory, a mid-quarter meeting with the Executive Officer and the Chair of the Department may be scheduled. The teaching evaluations may be used to determine future employment and salary. At the end of the academic year departmental and college-wide teaching prizes are given to those TAs who have made the greatest positive impact on their students. Nominations for these prizes are weighed most heavily when submitted by students. III. Attitude and Ethics A. Attitude Your

Medical School s Commitment For Active Learning And Group...

Cooper Medical School’s commitment to active learning and group dynamics, especially through the Ambulatory clerkship, is in congruence with my own ability to learn effectively through the employment of classroom knowledge to practical endeavors. Furthermore, CMSRU is a school that believes in active engagement with the community. My own experiences with teaching and volunteering have strengthened my resolve to contribute not only to medicine, but also to public policy and education at CMSRU. In addition, I am Roman Catholic by religion and Indian by ethnicity. Hence, diversity has been a constant theme in my life, which was further enhanced by my immigration to America. At CMSRU, I will not only be able to learn from a diverse environment but also be able to contribute my own unique perspective to policies and activities. All things considered, I am certain that the opportunities and curriculum at CMSRU will provide me with the medical training necessary to be a successful ph ysician. 2. Please describe a situation in which you felt an ethical compromise was being expected of you. How did you approach this situation? Were you satisfied with the outcome? 2000 characters When I was in high school, during a chemistry exam I was sitting in the back of the room and noticed a classmate using her phone while taking the exam. At that point I realized that I need to remain non-judgmental and not jump to any premature conclusions based on primary observation. After all, it wasShow MoreRelatedFoundational Knowledge : A Theories And Concepts1463 Words   |  6 PagesI focused on because I strongly believed in them or I did not understand them very well and wanted to research the concepts. The first being the medical model. According to the medical dictionary, the medical model is defined â€Å"as a set of assumptions that views behavioral abnormalities in the same framework as physical disease or abnormalities.† (Medical Model 2015). I do not like this model as a future model of my practice because I like to follow the holistic approach and that all abnormalitiesRead MoreRunning Head How Does Sleep Or Rest Improve Memory?1711 Words   |  7 Pagesesse ntial phenomena such as the ability to form memories, which is critical to the dynamic environmental demands. Theories and research studies indicating that sleep is beneficial to memory have had a continuous and long history dating back to the earliest experimental memory researches and fitted with different concepts and conclusions. During the past few decades, ?memory and sleep? research has been very active with several claims and counterclaims concerning the effects of sleep on memory andRead MoreField Placement Assessment : Organizational History Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageseducation institution in Richland Two School District, located in Columbia, South Carolina. The school was established in 1963 and celebrated its fifty-third birthday this year. Much has changed since the doors first opened at the â€Å"hive† over a half-century ago, but the tradition and history remain just as rich as the community it belongs to. Lonnie B. was named after a local prominent busine ssman who also served as a member of the school board (â€Å"History,† 2016). The school was founded after the renownedRead MoreA Study On My Favourite Maths Extension 2 And Chemistry1705 Words   |  7 PagesUNSW - Medicine Where did you attend primary school(s)? Where did you attend secondary school(s)? [20/50 words] I attended Arden Anglican school and Sydney Grammar Preparatory School for primary school. I attended James Ruse Agricultural high school. Which are (or were) your two favourite and your two least favoured subjects in your final year at school or in your most recent university studies? [50/50 words] My favourite are Maths Extension 2 and Chemistry as I appreciate the challenging conceptsRead MoreCurriculum Development for the Nursing Profession Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesSome of the objectives to guide the learning process of the advancing R.Ns include the following (GU, n.d): i. Engage in collaboration and communication with other health care team members. ii. Demonstrate commitment to human service as part of professional practice in a society that is culturally diverse. iii. Evaluate, communicate, and apply research findings with an aim of improving professional practice. iv. Evaluate and analyze management and leadership theories within the nursing practice.Read MoreMethod of Teaching and Learning18614 Words   |  75 PagesFacilitating learning: Teaching and learning methods Authors: Judy McKimm MBA, MA (Ed), BA (Hons), Cert Ed, FHEA Visiting Professor of Healthcare Education and Leadership, Bedfordshire Hertfordshire Postgraduate Medical School, University of Bedfordshire Carol Jollie MBA, BA (Hons) Project Manager, Tanaka Business School, Imperial College London This paper was first written in 2003 as part of a project led by the London Deanery to provide a web-based learning resource to support the educationalRead MoreThe Field Of Organization Development9676 Words   |  39 Pagesevery person responsibility to properly apply what he or she has in ways that maximize the best of its usefulness. And the field of OD is no exception. The organization experience called development is a test of every organization? commitment to the pursuit of new learning, and knowledge. The field of Organization Development provides both challenges and possibilities for practitioners and scholars. This present opportunities for organizations alike and OD to learn to maximize the rich potentialsRead MoreImplementing A Leadership Position At A Graduate Program Offers Opportunity For Young Professionals1928 Words   |  8 Pages According to the Peer Leadership Program Implementation (2002) article, there are seven key components to successfully implementing a peer leadership position: 1. Clearly define goals and objectives 2. An area of focus 3. Broad support from the school [faculty] 4. Consistent, committed adult leadership/mentorship 5. An integrated educational process 6. Student-led program 7. Opportunities for reflection and ongoing evaluation of efforts A lack of clear goals and objectives has been cited as oneRead MoreInternal And External Factors Influencing The Development Of Professional Identity In Post Baccalaureate Nursing2909 Words   |  12 Pagesthrough a structural model of the same name and an operationalizing process model, the Stair-Step Model of Professional Transformation (Crigger Godfrey, 2011). The FrNP and Stair Step Model of Professional Transformation can be utilized as a dynamic and connected unit. The FrNP conceptualizes the components of the process of phronesis in a nurse’s professional practice and reveals the role of social, ethical and psychological factors in the decisions a nurse makes in practice. The Stair StepRead MoreMedical Student Performance Evaluation : Dr. Ian E. Anderson2304 Words   |  10 PagesMEDICAL STUDENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION For IAN E. GUERRERO, M.D. June 27, 2014 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION Dr. Ian E. Guerrero graduated from the University of Santo Tomas, the Pontifical and Royal Catholic University of the Philippines, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Manila, Class of 1999 UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Dr. Guerrero graduated from Far Eastern University in 1994 , earning a bachelor’s degree in Medical technology. He was one among the non-UST graduates who was able to be admitted to